PMN is an autoimmune disorder mediated by antigen-antibody complex in which autoantibodies against to antigens in kidney leading to glomerulopathy. The antigens are: NEP (neutral endopeptidase, M-type phopholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospodin type 1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A). Deposition of immune complexes between the layers of glomerulus activate the inflammation and lead to kidney damage. Diagnosis of PMN is based on kidney in which there are GBM thickening and deposition of IgG and C3 in glomerular capillary loops under immunofluorescence.
Panel Test:
● Protein, Total, Urine
● Albumin (Nephelometry)
● Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) Antibody, IgG
● Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA), IgG
● Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen
● Hepatitis C Virus Antibody by CIA
References
1. Fogo AB, Lusco MA, Najafian B, Alpers CE. AJKD Atlas of Renal Pathology: Membranous Nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:e15.
2. Debiec H, Ronco P. Immunopathogenesis of membranous nephropathy: an update. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:381.
3. Cattran DC, Brenchley PE. Membranous nephropathy: integrating basic science into improved clinical management. Kidney Int 2017; 91:566.
Xu X, Wang G, Chen N, et al. Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Increased Risk of Membranous Nephropathy in China. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3739.
