Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system and is often mistaken for multiple sclerosis (MS).

 

The clinical manifestations of NMOSD may involve sites outside the spinal cord and optic nerve. They may be the presenting and sometimes the only features of the disease. Brain stem involvement in the form of intractable vomiting (area postrima syndrome), intractable hiccups due to peri-aquiductal lesions in the midbrain and narcolepsy, hypothermia and hypersomnolence due to diencephalic involvement.

Non-neurological manifestations of NMO: 

Recently placentitis with risk of abortion, internal otitis and gastritis have been described with seropositive NMOSD.