· Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Lung, and Thymus – Carcinoid Tumors
Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing tumors. Some may be functional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal system, lungs, or thymus and release hormones or vasoactive substances. These factors cause clinical syndromes characterized by flushing and diarrhea (gastrointestinal) or wheezing and right heart effects (bronchopulmonary). Carcinoid syndromes usually do not occur until tumors metastasize to the liver.
Panel test:
· Chromogranin A (Immunohistochemistry, EIA)
· Gastrin (Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative chemiluminescent Immunoassay)
· Neurokinin A (Plasma)
· Synaptophysin
· Cytokeratin 8, 18 Low molecular weight (CAM 5.2)
· Neuron Specific Enolase, Plyclonal (NSEP)
· K1-67, MIB-1
· Thyroid Transcription Factor (TTF-1)
· CDX2
· PAX8
References
Guidelines
1. Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD [Updated: Feb 2018; Accessed: Mar 2018]
2. Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoid Tumors) of the Appendix. Based on AJCC/UICC TNM, 7th ed. Protocol web posting date: Jan 2016. College of American Pathologists (CAP) . Northfield, IL [Revised : Oct 2013; Accessed: Mar 2018]
3. Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Primary Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum. Based on AJCC/UICC TNM, 7th ed. Protocol web posting date: Oct 2013. College of American Pathologists (CAP). Northfield, IL [Revised: Jan 2016; Accessed: Mar 2018]
4. Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoid Tumors) of the Small Intestine and Ampulla. Based on AJCC/UICC TNM, 7th ed. Protocol web posting date: Oct 2013. College of American Pathologists (CAP). Northfield, IL [Revised: Oct 2013; Accessed: Mar 2018]
5. Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoid Tumors) of the Stomach. Based on AJCC/UICC TNM, 7th ed. Protocol web posting date: Oct 2013. College of American Pathologists (CAP). Northfield, IL [Revised: Jun 2014; Accessed: Mar 2018]
6. Fave D, O’Toole D, Sundin A, Taal B, Ferolla P, Ramage JK, Ferone D, Ito T, Weber W, Zheng-Pei Z, De Herder WW, Pascher A, Ruszniewski P, Vienna Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Gastroduodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Neuroendocrinology. 2016; 103(2): 119-24. PubMed
7. Garcia-Carbonero R, Sorbye H, Baudin E, Raymond E, Wiedenmann B, Niederle B, Sedlackova E, Toumpanakis C, Anlauf M, Cwikla JB, Caplin M, O’Toole D, Perren A, Vienna Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for High-Grade Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.Neuroendocrinology. 2016; 103(2): 186-94. PubMed
8. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors. Version 4.2018. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Fort Washington, PA [Updated: May 2018; Accessed: Jul 2018]
9. Niederle B, Pape U, Costa F, Gross D, Kelestimur F, Knigge U, Öberg K, Pavel M, Perren A, Toumpanakis C, O’Connor J, O’Toole D, Krenning E, Reed N, Kianmanesh R, Vienna Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Jejunum and Ileum. Neuroendocrinology. 2016; 103(2): 125-38. PubMed
10. Oberg K, Knigge U, Kwekkeboom D, Perren A, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23 Suppl 7: vii124-30. PubMed
11. Pape U, Niederle B, Costa F, Gross D, Kelestimur F, Kianmanesh R, Knigge U, Öberg K, Pavel M, Perren A, Toumpanakis C, O’Connor J, Krenning E, Reed N, O’Toole D, Vienna Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Appendix (Excluding Goblet Cell Carcinomas).Neuroendocrinology. 2016; 103(2): 144-52. PubMed
12. Ramage JK, De Herder WW, Fave D, Ferolla P, Ferone D, Ito T, Ruszniewski P, Sundin A, Weber W, Zheng-Pei Z, Taal B, Pascher A, Vienna Consensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology. 2016; 103(2): 139-43. PubMed
13. Kunz PL, Reidy-Lagunes D, Anthony LB, Bertino EM, Brendtro K, Chan JA, Chen H, Jensen RT, Kim MK, Klimstra DS, Kulke MH, Liu EH, Metz DC, Phan AT, Sippel RS, Strosberg JR, Yao JC, North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. Consensus guidelines for the management and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas. 2013; 42(4): 557-77. PubMed
