o Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. DM can be classified as type 1 (characterized by insulin deficiency), the more common type 2 (characterized by insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (a condition that occurs only during pregnancy), and other less common conditions (eg, monogenic DM). Laboratory evaluations used to screen for, diagnose, and monitor DM include a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, a hemoglobin A1c (A1c) test, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Those diagnosed with DM or GDM require regular laboratory evaluation to assist in glycemic management and to monitor for the development of diabetes-related complications.
Panel test:
o Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase antibody
o Insulin Antibody
o Islet Antigen-2 (IA-2) autoantibody (Serurm)
o Islet cell cytoplasmic antibody, IgG
o Zinc Transporter 8 antibody
References
1. Handelsman Y, Bloomgarden ZT, Grunberger G, Umpierrez G, Zimmerman RS, Bailey TS, Blonde L, Bray GA, Cohen J, Dagogo-Jack S, Davidson JA, Einhorn D, Ganda OP, Garber AJ, Garvey T, Henry RR, Hirsch IB, Horton ES, Hurley DL, Jellinger PS, Jovanovič L, Lebovitz HE, LeRoith D, Levy P, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Mestman JH, Moghissi ES, Orzeck EA, Pessah-Pollack R, Rosenblit PD, Vinik AI, Wyne K, Zangeneh F. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology – Clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan – 2015. Endocr Pract. 2015; 21 Suppl 1: 1-87. PubMed
2. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Arlington County, VA [Accessed: Apr 2019]
3. Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 131(2): e49-e64. PubMed
4. Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland [Accessed: Apr 2019]
